Understanding the NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARM)

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A Path to Healing from Complex Trauma

The NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARM) is a therapeutic approach designed to help people reconnect with themselves after experiencing complex trauma. Developed by Dr. Laurence Hellar, NARM is influenced by psychodynamic psychotherapies, somatic psychotherapies, Gestalt therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Affective Neuroscience and Esoteric approaches. A main belief guiding the clinical framework in NARM is that everyone has the capacity for connection and aliveness within themselves (Hellar & Kammer, 2022; Hellar & LaPierre, 2012).

How NARM Works

NARM recognizes the key differences between PTSD and Complex PTSD (C-PTSD) and uses both "top-down" (using the mind to integrate somatic information) and "bottom-up" (using information moving from the body into awareness and insight) methods in therapy. Cognitive approaches assist in becoming aware of identifications and beliefs which fuel and reinforce nervous system dysregulation while mindfulness and somatic approaches address the physiological dysregulation that affects various body systems. By integrating the two, the therapist works with clients to support self-inquiry in identifying and shifting old psychobiological patterns which have kept a person feeling stuck and unable to move towards things they want (Hellar & Kammer, 2022; Hellar & LaPierre, 2012).

Key Principles of NARM

NARM operates on several guiding principles which inform the therapeutic process. These principles include:

• connection-disconnection

• Attachment and separation

• Fear of attachment and relational loss

• Adaptive survival styles

• Shame and self-rejection

• Emotional completion

• Disidentification

All of these are explored and supported by various interventions through the relational work in the therapy room. Although the past is explored in this therapy approach, the focus is on how the past continues to influence the present moment through how a person relates to themselves and the world around them.

Interventions are used which support the patient in accessing an embodied adult consciousness. In NARM, adult consciousness is referred to “adults who experience themselves not just physically as adults but also psychologically and emotionally” (Heller & Kammer, 2022, p. 59; Hellar & LaPierre, 2012).

Core Dilemmas and Growth

NARM identifies what it calls “the core dilemma,” which arises from developmental trauma. This dilemma involves the struggle between staying true to oneself and doing what is necessary to survive in challenging caregiver relationships. Survival strategies are then created in childhood to stay in connection and protect the attachment relationship. It is these adaptive survival styles which adults continue to utilize to cope with the internal dysregulation, disconnect and isolation they feel caused by the neglect of their core needs. These fundamental needs include:

• Connection: Capacity to be in touch with oneself and others

• Attunement: Capacity to attune to internal needs, emotions and reach out for help when one cannot meet their needs alone

• Trust: Capacity for healthy dependence and interdependence

• Autonomy: Capacity to set boundaries, set limits, speak one’s mind without guilt or fear

• Love and Sexuality: Capacity to open one’s heart and integrate a loving relationship with a vital sexuality

The resolution of these core dilemmas is about re-connection to authenticity, while still being in connection with others. NARM aims to support clients in reconnecting with themselves, helping them feel more alive and engaged with the world around them (Hellar & Kammer, 2022; Hellar & LaPierre, 2012). 

In Summary

NARM is a therapeutic approach that offers a pathway to healing from complex trauma. By understanding the connection between past experiences and present challenges, clients can work towards authentic living and improved relationships. If you or someone you know is dealing with the effects of complex trauma, exploring NARM could be a valuable step on the journey to healing.

Sources:

Heller, L., & Kammer, B. J. (2022). The Practical Guide for Healing Developmental Trauma: Using the neuroaffective relational model to address adverse childhood experiences and resolve complex trauma. North Atlantic Books.

Heller, L., & LaPierre, A. (2012). Healing developmental trauma: How early trauma affects self-regulation, self-image, and the capacity for relationship. North Atlantic Books.